Poland

Olga Tokarczuk

Poland

for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life

Leonid Hurwicz

United States of America, Poland

for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory

Wisława Szymborska

Poland

for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality

Lech Wałęsa

Poland

for founding the trade union "Solidarity" and initiating the movement for democratization

Roald Hoffmann

United States of America, Poland

for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions

Czesław Miłosz

Poland

who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts

Isaac Bashevis Singer

United States of America, Poland

for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life

Władysław Reymont

Poland

for his great national epic, "The Peasants"

Henryk Sienkiewicz

Poland

for his outstanding merits as an epic writer