Spain

Mario Vargas Llosa

Peru, Spain

for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat

Camilo José Cela

Spain

for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability

Vicente Aleixandre

Spain

for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars

Juan Ramón Jiménez

Spain

for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistic purity

Jacinto Benavente

Spain

for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama

Santiago Ramón y Cajal

Spain

for their work on the structure of the nervous system

José Echegaray

Spain

in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama