Canada

David Card

Canada, United States of America

for his empirical contributions to labour economics

Donna Strickland

Canada

for the development of a method for generating high-intensity, ultra-short laser pulses

Arthur B. McDonald

Canada

for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass (Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. 77 (1999) 123 〈Kajita〉, 43 〈McDonald〉)

Alice Munro

Canada

for being a master of the contemporary short story

Ralph M. Steinman

Canada

for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity

Willard Boyle

United States of America, Canada

for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor

Robert Mundell

Canada

for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas

Myron Scholes

Canada

for "a new method to determine the value of derivatives", the development and theoretical justification of the Black–Scholes option-pricing model

William Vickrey

United States of America, Canada

for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information

Bertram N. Brockhouse

Canada

for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter (development of neutron spectroscopy) Phys. Rev. 111(1958) 747-754; Rev. Mod. Phys. 30(1958) 236-249 (erratum 30(1958) 1177); Phys. Rev. Lett. 2(1959) 256-258; Phys. Rev. 119(1960) 980-999

Michael Smith

Canada

for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies

Rudolph Arthur Marcus

United States of America, Canada

for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems

Richard E. Taylor

Canada

for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics

Sidney Altman

Canada, United States of America

for the discovery of the catalytic properties of RNA

John Charles Polanyi

Canada, Hungary

for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes

Gerhard Herzberg

Canada, West Germany

for his contributions to the knowledge of the electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals

Lester B. Pearson

Canada

for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis

Frederick Grant Banting

Canada

for the discovery of insulin