Japan

Nihon Hidankyo

Japan

for its long-standing efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through survivor testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again, as well as for its extraordinary contribution to establishing the nuclear taboo

Akira Yoshino

Japan

for the development of lithium-ion batteries

Tasuku Honjo

Japan

for the discovery of immune-checkpoint inhibitors and their application to cancer therapy

Yoshinori Ohsumi

Japan

for the discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy

Takaaki Kajita

Japan

for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass (Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. 77 (1999) 123 〈Kajita〉, 43 〈McDonald〉)

Satoshi Ōmura

Japan

for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites

Isamu Akasaki

Japan

for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which have enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources

Hiroshi Amano

Japan

for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which have enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources

Shinya Yamanaka

Japan

for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent

Ei-ichi Negishi

Japan

for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis

Akira Suzuki

Japan

for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis

Makoto Kobayashi

Japan

for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature (Progress of Theoretical Physics 49 (1973) 652-657)

Toshihide Maskawa

Japan

for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature (Progress of Theoretical Physics 49 (1973) 652-657)

Osamu Shimomura

Japan

for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP

Masatoshi Koshiba

Japan

for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos

Koichi Tanaka

Japan

Development of methods for identification and structural analysis of biological macromolecules (development of soft desorption ionisation techniques for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules)

Ryoji Noyori

Japan

for research on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions

Hideki Shirakawa

Japan

for the discovery and development of conductive polymers

Kenzaburo Oe

Japan

who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today

Susumu Tonegawa

Japan

for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity

Kenichi Fukui

Japan

for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions

Eisaku Sato

Japan

for advocating the Three Non-Nuclear Principles

Leo Esaki

Japan

for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and in superconductors, respectively (Phys. Rev. Lett. 5 (1960) 147-148; 464-466)

Yasunari Kawabata

Japan

for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind

Shin-ichiro Tomonaga

Japan

for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles

Hideki Yukawa

Japan

for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces (Proc. Phys. Math. Soc. Jap. 17, 48 (1935))