Switzerland

Michel Mayor

Switzerland

for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star

Didier Queloz

Switzerland

for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star

Jacques Dubochet

Switzerland

for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution

International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons

Switzerland

for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons

Kurt Wüthrich

Switzerland

Development of methods for identification and structural analysis of biological macromolecules (development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution)

Rolf M. Zinkernagel

Switzerland

for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell-mediated immune defence

Edmond H. Fischer

Switzerland, United States of America

for the discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism

Richard Robert Ernst

Switzerland

for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

Karl Alexander Müller

Switzerland

for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials (Zeitschrift für Physik B 64 (1986) 189–193, Bednorz & Müller)

Heinrich Rohrer

Switzerland

for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope

Werner Arber

Switzerland

for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics

Vladimir Prelog

Switzerland

for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions

Felix Bloch

Switzerland

for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith

Tadeusz Reichstein

Switzerland (Poland)

for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects

Walter Rudolf Hess

Switzerland

for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs

Paul Hermann Müller

Switzerland

for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods

Hermann Hesse

Germany, Switzerland (Germany)

for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style

Leopold Ružička

Switzerland

for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes

Paul Karrer

Switzerland

for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2

Albert Einstein

Switzerland

for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect

Charles Edouard Guillaume

Switzerland

for the discovery of the Invar alloy and its subsequent development of precision measurement

Carl Spitteler

Switzerland

in special appreciation of his epic, 'Olympian Spring'

Alfred Werner

Switzerland

for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules, through which he opened up new fields of research, especially in inorganic chemistry

Emil Theodor Kocher

Switzerland

for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland

Élie Ducommun

Switzerland

for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau (International Peace Bureau)

Charles Albert Gobat

Switzerland

for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union

Henry Dunant

Switzerland

for founding the International Committee of the Red Cross and inspiring the adoption of the Geneva Convention