Netherlands

Guido Imbens

Netherlands, United States of America

for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships

Ben Feringa

Netherlands

for the design and synthesis of molecular machines

Andre Geim

Netherlands (Russian Federation)

for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene

Gerardus 't Hooft

Netherlands

for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics (Nucl. Phys. B7 (1968) 637-650, B33 (1971) 173-199, B35 (1971) 167-188, B44 (1972) 189-213, B50 (1972) 318-353)

Martinus J. G. Veltman

Netherlands

for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics (Nucl. Phys. B7 (1968) 637-650, B33 (1971) 173-199, B35 (1971) 167-188, B44 (1972) 189-213, B50 (1972) 318-353)

Paul Jozef Crutzen

Netherlands

for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone

Simon van der Meer

Netherlands

for their decisive contributions to the large project that led to the discovery of the W and Z particles, mediators of the weak interaction

Tjalling Koopmans

Netherlands

for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources

Jan Tinbergen

Netherlands

for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes

Frits (Frederik) Zernike

Netherlands

for his demonstration of the phase-contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase-contrast microscope

Peter Joseph William Debye

Netherlands

for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases

Christiaan Eijkman

Netherlands

Discovery of the antineuritic vitamin (vitamin B1)

Willem Einthoven

Netherlands

for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Netherlands

for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium

Tobias Asser

Netherlands

Establishment of the Permanent Court of Arbitration

Johannes Diderik van der Waals

Netherlands

for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz

Netherlands

for their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena

Pieter Zeeman

Netherlands

for their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena

Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff

Netherlands

for the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions