West Germany

Wolfgang Paul

West Germany

for the development of the ion trap technique (Phys. Rev. Lett. 41 (1978) 233-236; Phys. Rev. A 22 (1980) 1137-1140, etc.)

Johann Deisenhofer

West Germany

for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre

Robert Huber

West Germany

for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre

Hartmut Michel

West Germany

for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre

J. Georg Bednorz

West Germany

for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials (Zeitschrift für Physik B 64 (1986) 189–193, Bednorz & Müller)

Ernst Ruska

West Germany

for his fundamental work in electron optics, particularly for the design of the first electron microscope

Gerd Binnig

West Germany

for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope

Klaus von Klitzing

West Germany

for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect (Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 494–497, 1980; Metrologia 21, 11–19, 1985)

Georg Wittig

West Germany

for the development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds into important reagents in organic synthesis (development of new methods in organic synthesis)

Ernst Otto Fischer

West Germany

for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of organometallic, so-called sandwich compounds

Gerhard Herzberg

Canada, West Germany

for his contributions to the knowledge of the electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals

Willy Brandt

West Germany

for his Ostpolitik aimed at normalizing relations with East Germany and other Eastern European countries, paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West

Manfred Eigen

West Germany

for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy

Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen

West Germany

for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism

J. Hans D. Jensen

West Germany

for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure

Karl Ziegler

West Germany

for the discovery and fundamental studies of polymerization processes using novel catalysts

Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer

West Germany

for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name (the Mössbauer effect)

Werner Forssmann

West Germany

for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system

Walther Bothe

West Germany

for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith

Hermann Staudinger

West Germany

for his research on chain-like macromolecular compounds

Albert Schweitzer

West Germany

for his altruism, reverence for life, and tireless humanitarian work as a surgeon and physician in Lambaréné, which helped make the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one

Otto Paul Hermann Diels

West Germany

for the discovery and development of the Diels–Alder reaction (the diene synthesis)

Kurt Alder

West Germany

for the discovery and development of the Diels–Alder reaction (the diene synthesis)