United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
264
Laureates
1902~2024
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71 laureates
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Geoffrey Hinton
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks
Demis Hassabis
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Development of programs for protein structure prediction
Simon Johnson
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
United States of America
for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity
James A. Robinson
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity
Chris Blackwell
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
"As a record producer and genuine music lover, Chris Blackwell has been one of the key figures in the development of popular music for half a century"
James Maynard,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
For contributions to analytic number theory, which have led to major advances in the understanding of the structure of prime numbers and in Diophantine approximation.解析的整数論に貢献し，素数の構造理解とディオファントス近似の理解に大きな進歩をもたらした[22]。
David MacMillan
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
United States of America
for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis
Abdulrazak Gurnah
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(Zanzibar, Tanzania, United Republic of)
for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents
Roger Penrose
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity
Michael Houghton
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discovery of the Hepatitis C virus
M. Stanley Whittingham
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
United States of America
for the development of lithium-ion batteries
Peter J. Ratcliffe
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability
Greg Winter
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the phage display of peptides and antibodies
Caucher Birkar,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
For the proof of the boundedness ofFano varietiesand for contributions to theminimal model program.
Andria Zafirakou
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Arts and textiles teacher.
Richard Henderson
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution
Kazuo Ishiguro
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(Japan)
for novels of great emotional force that uncover the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world
Sting
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
"As a composer, Sting has combined classic pop with virtuoso musicianship and an openness to all genres and sounds from around the world."
David J. Thouless
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
United States of America
for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter
Duncan Haldane
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Slovenia
for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter
Michael Kosterlitz
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
United States of America
for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter
Fraser Stoddart
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
United States of America
for the design and synthesis of molecular machines
Oliver Hart
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
United States of America
for their contributions to contract theory
Tomas Lindahl
Sweden,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for mechanistic studies of DNA repair
Angus Deaton
United States of America,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare
Evelyn Glennie
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
"Evelyn Glennie shows us that the body is a resonance chamber and that we live in a universe of sound."
John O'Keefe
United States of America,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discovery of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain
Peter Higgs
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
For the theoretical discovery of the Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism, proposed in 1964, which explains how elementary particles acquire mass and was later confirmed by the observation of the Higgs boson by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. The award cites the seminal papers Phys. Rev. Lett. 13 (1964) 321 (Englert & Brout), Phys. Rev. Lett. 13 (1964) 508 (Higgs), and Phys. Rev. 145 (1966) 1156 (Higgs).
Michael Levitt
United States of America,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Israel
for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems
John Gurdon
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent
Konstantin Novoselov
Russian Federation,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene
Robert G. Edwards
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the development of in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology
Christopher Pissarides
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Cyprus
for their analysis of markets with search frictions
Charles K. Kao
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
United States of America
(Taiwan, Province of China)
for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
United States of America,
India,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome
Peter Gabriel
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
"...for his ground-breaking, outward-looking and boundary-busting artistry."
Pink Floyd
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
"...for their monumental contribution over the decades to the fusion of art and music in the development of popular culture."
Martin Evans
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells
Doris Lessing
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Zimbabwe
(Iran (Islamic Republic of))
that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny
Led Zeppelin
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
"...one of the great pioneers of rock."
Harold Pinter
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for plays that uncover the precipice beneath everyday prattle and force entry into oppression's closed rooms
Anthony J. Leggett
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
United States of America
for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids (Sov. Phys. JETP 5 (1957) 1174–1182; Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 32 (1957) 1442–1452; Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 20 (1950) 1064–1082; Phys. Rev. 140 (1965) A1869–A1888; Phys. Rev. 147 (1966) 119–130; Phys. Rev. Lett. 29 (1972) 1227–1230; Phys. Rev. Lett. 31 (1973) 352–355; Rev. Mod. Phys. 47 (1975) 331–414; Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 (1981) 211–214)
Peter Mansfield
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging
Clive Granger
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the development of statistical methods to analyze economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH) and common trends (cointegration)
Sydney Brenner
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death
John E. Sulston
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death
Tim Hunt
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle
Paul M. Nurse
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle
V. S. Naipaul
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(Trinidad and Tobago)
for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories
John Anthony Pople
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the development of computational methods in quantum chemistry
John Hume
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland
David Trimble
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland
Richard E. Borcherds,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his work on the introduction of vertex algebras, the proof of the Moonshine conjecture and for his discovery of a new class of automorphic infinite products
William Timothy Gowers,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
William Timothy Gowers has provided important contributions tofunctional analysis, making extensive use of methods fromcombination theory. These two fields apparently have little to do with each other, and a significant achievement of Gowers has been to combine these fruitfully.
John Ernest Walker
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Harold Walter Kroto
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discovery of fullerenes (C60)
James Mirrlees
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information
Joseph Rotblat
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms
Elton John
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
"...a central figure in the popular music crucible of the 70s and 80s and, eventually, an eccentric mega-star with a big output of successful hits with a worldwide response from a broadbased public."
Indonesia,
Richard J. Roberts
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discovery of split genes
Paul McCartney
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
"...for his creativity and imagination as a composer and artist which has revitalised popular music worldwide over the last 30 years."
James W. Black
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment
en:John F. Charlewood Turner
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Simon K. Donaldson,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Received medal primarily for his work ontopologyof four-manifolds, especially for showing that there is a differential structure on euclidian four-space which is different from the usual structure.
César Milstein
Argentina,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies
Richard Stone
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis
William Golding
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today
Aaron Klug
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes
John Robert Vane
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances
Sir George Trevelyan, 4th Baronet
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Elias Canetti
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(Bulgaria)
for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power
Frederick Sanger
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids
Godfrey Hounsfield
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the development of computer assisted tomography (CT)
W. Arthur Lewis
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Saint Lucia
for their pioneering research into economic development with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries
Peter Dennis Mitchell
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his research on energy conversion in biological membranes
Sir Nevill Francis Mott
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems
James Meade
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their path-breaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements
Betty Williams
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland
Mairead Corrigan
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland
John Warcup Cornforth
Australia,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Sir Martin Ryle
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his pioneering research in radio astrophysics, especially his observations and inventions related to the aperture-synthesis technique
Antony Hewish
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his pioneering research in radio astrophysics, particularly for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars
David Bryant Mumford,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Contributed to problems of the existence and structure of varieties of moduli, varieties whose points parametrize isomorphism classes of some type of geometric object. Also made several important contributions to the theory ofalgebraic surfaces.
Brian David Josephson
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel junction, in particular those phenomena known as the Josephson effects (Phys. Lett. 1 (1962) 251-253; Adv. Phys. 14 (1965) 419)
Geoffrey Wilkinson
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of organometallic, so-called sandwich compounds
Nikolaas Tinbergen
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(Netherlands)
for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns
Rodney Robert Porter
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies
John Hicks
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory
Dennis Gabor
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(Kingdom of Hungary)
for his invention and development of the holographic method (Nature 161 (1948) 777–779, Proc. Roy. Soc. A 197 (1949) 454, Proc. Phys. Soc. B 64 (1951) 449)
Bernard Katz
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(Germany)
for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanisms for their storage, release and inactivation
Alan Baker,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Generalized theGelfond-Schneider theorem(the solution to Hilbert's seventh problem). From this work he generatedtranscendental numbersnot previously identified.
Derek Harold Richard Barton
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy
George Porter
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy
Michael Francis Atiyah,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Did joint work withHirzebruchinK-theory; proved jointly withSingertheindex theoremof elliptic operators oncomplex manifolds; worked in collaboration withBottto prove afixed point theoremrelated to the "Lefschetz formula".
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane
Andrew Huxley
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane
Max Ferdinand Perutz
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their studies of the structures of globular proteins
John Cowdery Kendrew
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their studies of the structures of globular proteins
Francis Harry Compton Crick
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
New Zealand
for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material
Lawrence Kadoorie
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Hong Kong
Peter Medawar
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(Brazil)
for the discovery of acquired immunological tolerance
Pakistan
Philip Noel-Baker
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace
Frederick Sanger
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin
Klaus Friedrich Roth,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Solved in 1955 the famous Thue-Siegel problem concerning theapproximationtoalgebraic numbersbyrational numbersand proved in 1952 that a sequence with no three numbers inarithmetic progressionhas zero density (a conjecture ofErdösand Turán of 1935).
Robert McCulloch Dick
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Philippines
VLord (Alexander Robertus) Todd
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their researches on the kinetics of gas-phase chemical reactions, in particular chain reactions
Max Born
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction
Hans Adolf Krebs
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(Germany)
for the discovery of the citric acid cycle
Winston Churchill
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values
Archer John Porter Martin
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the invention and application of partition chromatography
Richard Laurence Millington Synge
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the invention and application of partition chromatography
Sir John Douglas Cockcroft
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles
Cecil Frank Powell
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method
Bertrand Russell
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought
John Boyd Orr
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his service as Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and as chairman of the National Peace Council
Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation
T. S. Eliot
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(United States of America)
for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry
Sir Edward Victor Appleton
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere, especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer
Sir Robert Robinson
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids
Friends Service Council
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering, thereby promoting the fraternity between nations
Alexander Fleming
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases
Ernst Boris Chain
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases
George Paget Thomson
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals
Walter Norman Haworth
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C
Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations, disarmament and peace
Henry Hallett Dale
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses
James Chadwick
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discovery of the neutron (Nature 129 (1932) 312)
Arthur Henderson
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his untiring struggle and courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931–34
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory. Key papers: E. Schrödinger, Phys. Rev. 28 (1926) 1049-1070; P. A. M. Dirac, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 117 (1928) 610-624; 118 (1928) 351-361; 133 (1931) 60-72
Norman Angell
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his authorship of “The Great Illusion,” his active support of the League of Nations, and his wide dissemination of anti-war arguments that fostered international peace
Charles Scott Sherrington
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons
Edgar Douglas Adrian
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons
John Galsworthy
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga
Arthur Harden
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes
Frederick Gowland Hopkins
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Discovery of growth-stimulating vitamins
Owen Willans Richardson
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him (Richardson’s law)
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his invention of the cloud chamber, a method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour
George Bernard Shaw
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Ireland
(Ireland)
for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty
Austen Chamberlain
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaties
John James Rickard Macleod
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discovery of insulin
Francis William Aston
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule
Archibald Vivian Hill
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle
Frederick Soddy
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his contributions to the chemistry of radioactive substances and to the understanding of the origin and nature of isotopes
Charles Glover Barkla
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his discovery of the characteristic X-ray radiation of the elements
Sir William Henry Bragg
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays
William Lawrence Bragg
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays
Ernest Rutherford
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
New Zealand
for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances
Rudyard Kipling
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author
Joseph John Thomson
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases
Lord Rayleigh(John William Strutt)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies
Sir William Ramsay
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and the determination of their place in the periodic system
William Randal Cremer
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
as Secretary of the International Arbitration League
Ronald Ross
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
for his work on malaria, by which he showed how it enters the organism and thereby laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it